Android 6 and above allow you to turn part of any memory cards into native storage for Android, a process known as adoption. That causes the contents of the adopted file system to be encrypted by the phone, you can't pop the card out and read it in another computer or phone. Android will get upset if you take that storage away!
It is possible to split the memory card so as to have some capacity adopted, and the rest as FAT32 for the traditional "external" legacy storage.
You connect to your phone over ADB to get a list of adoptable capable storage devices like this:
$ adb shell sm list-disks adoptable
disk:NNN,MMM
then you decide how much you want to reserve as a percent of the capacity (note that a 64GB card will have only usable 60GB). To set aside 80% of the capacity as legacy:
$ adb shell sm partition disk:NNN,MMM mixed 80
You can then go into Settings->Storage and see the separate storage spaces.
If you decide to take the card out to back up the files in the FAT32 space, I recommend you shut down the phone beforehand, and put the card back before starting up.
If you decide to repartition the card, you'll see the "ghosts" of old adopted storage list in the Storage settings and you can remove them.